Hijra, at its core, means “migration” in Arabic. In Islam, it stands for a pivotal journey—the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. This event marks a turning point in Islamic history, shaping how Muslims view faith, community, and resilience.
The Historical Event: Prophet Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Hijra wasn’t just a physical move; it was a leap towards building a new society. In 622 CE, Prophet Muhammad and his followers left Mecca, seeking safety and freedom to practice Islam. They were invited by the people of Yathrib, later called Medina, to lead and help settle their internal disputes.
Read more on the history and importance of Hijra.
Causes of the Hijra
Early Muslims faced harsh persecution in Mecca. Their beliefs challenged old customs and threatened powerful tribal leaders. Life grew dangerous: they endured boycotts, violence, and even torture. In this climate, the invitation from Yathrib offered hope and a way forward. The city’s tribes wanted Muhammad’s wisdom to help end ongoing conflicts.
The Journey and Key Incidents
The migration wasn’t without risk. Meccan leaders plotted to assassinate Muhammad. To escape, Muhammad and his companion Abu Bakr hid in a cave called Thawr for three days. Despite being hunted, they reached Medina by taking untraveled, rugged paths.
Key moments include:
- Escaping at night to avoid detection.
- The cave hideout, symbolizing trust in God and planning.
- Warm welcome in Medina, where locals—the Ansar—supported the emigrants, now called Muhajirun.
Immediate Outcomes in Medina
Once in Medina, Muhammad set up the first Muslim community. He drafted the Constitution of Medina, establishing rights and duties for all. This document outlined peaceful coexistence between Muslims, Jews, and other groups. For more detail, check the Wikipedia entry on Hijrah.
Spiritual and Social Significance of Hijra
Hijra isn’t just about leaving one place for another. Its story carries deep spiritual meanings that shape Muslim beliefs even today.
Hijra as a Spiritual Concept
Hijra teaches Muslims about letting go of harmful attachments, staying patient in hard times, and putting their trust in God. Many understand Hijra as moving away from sin, not just changing location. It’s the idea of making big changes in life for the sake of faith.
Formation of the Muslim Ummah
This migration created bonds between the Muhajirun (emigrants) and the Ansar (helpers). Strangers became family, showing true unity and generosity. Hijra laid the groundwork for the global Muslim community—the Ummah—where caring for others is key.
Hijra’s Lasting Legacy: The Islamic Calendar and Modern Relevance
The importance of Hijra goes beyond history. It set the starting point for the lunar Islamic calendar, still in use today by Muslims worldwide.
The Beginning of the Islamic (Hijri) Calendar
The Islamic, or Hijri, calendar starts from the year of the Hijra, 622 CE. This choice honors the event that shaped Islamic identity and community. The Islamic calendar is based on lunar months, marking special dates like Ramadan and Eid.
For month-by-month details, you can see the full Islamic Hijri Calendar.
Contemporary Lessons from Hijra
Hijra’s message remains strong in today’s world. Many Muslims, especially refugees, see their own struggles reflected in this story. The lessons—courage, hope, and building supportive communities—guide people facing new beginnings or hardship.
Conclusion
Hijra isn’t just a historical chapter—it’s a model of faith, courage, and community spirit. From its roots in seventh-century Arabia to its echoes in Muslim life today, Hijra continues to inspire. Its story encourages everyone to seek justice, show kindness, and stick together in the face of adversity.